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What is the insulin?
Endogenous insulin production
Beta cells produce insulin in stages. The first stage is the production of proinsulin. Proinsulin is a molecule composed of a protein chain of 81 amino acids, which is a precursor of insulin. Beta cells of the pancreas making process proinsulin to insulin by enzymatic removal of C-peptide, which is a structure of 30 amino acids that connects the A and B chains (21 and 30 amino acids, respectively).
C-peptide has no known function. However, it is secreted in the same quantities as insulin and, in fact, it circulates in the blood longer than insulin, making it a precise quantitative marker of beta cell function. Thus, normal levels of C-peptide suggest a relatively normal secretion of the pancreas.
Insulin is stored in secretory granules in beta cells, which are prepared for release in the bloodstream, in response to stimulation of an increasing concentration of glucose in blood. A normally functioning pancreas can manufacture and release daily from 40 to 50 units of insulin. It also has several hundred units stored and available to be segregated when needed
The role of insulin on the glucose
Glucose is the primary fuel for all body tissues. The brain uses about 25% of total body glucose. However, because the brain stores very little glucose, you always have to be a constant and controlled supply of available glucose in the bloodstream. The goal is to keep the brain working properly. In this sense, it is vital that the blood glucose level is maintained in a range of 60 to 120 mg / dl, in order to prevent a lack sumistro the nervous system.
Insulin is the principal hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. Its function is to control the rate at which glucose is consumed in the muscle cells, fat tissue and liver.
Each of these types of body cells use glucose differently. This usage is determined by the specific enzyme system of each. Treatment of diabetes is based on the interaction of insulin and other hormones in the cellular processes of these three types of body cells. Glucose is the most important stimulus for insulin secretion.
