‘diabetes mellitus’

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Injections Insulin

Friday, February 12th, 2010

Diabetic patients, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes have been able to stop injecting insulin through treatment with stem cells. The tests, conducted by a team of American and Brazilian scientists, were conducted on 15 patients recently diagnosed with the disease, they had to undergo immunosuppressive therapy and were transfused with stem cells from their blood.

14 of 15 volunteers have not resorted to injections of insulin – some for several years – after treatment. Indeed one patient was able to dispense injections for 35 months while 4 other patients would be provided for at least 21 months. The treatment was effective immediately after the transfusion of stem cells for 11 of the 15 volunteers who were able to dispense with insulin injections.

This form of therapy is known as transplant (or grafting) of autologous stem cells. She has already shown encouraging for the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease or lupus.

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Diabetes Mellitus

Friday, February 5th, 2010

Diabetes, commonly known as diabetes mellitus, is characterized by a high sugar in the blood (hyperglycemia). This rate is higher than 1.26 g / l (7.7 mmol / l) at a dose fasting or greater than 2g / l at any time of day. Diabetes type 2 (formerly Diabetes fat or non-insulin-dependent), the most common, is usually detected after 40 years. It is mostly other cases in the family. In this form of diabetes, the secretion of insulin (a hormone secreted by the pancreas that allows sugar to enter into cells to give them energy) is often minimal, but is very active in the cells (insulin resistance). The diabetes may be due to genetic abnormalities in hormonal diseases, to diseases of the pancreas, drugs .

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Treatment Phase of Stem Cell Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus (Part 1)

Tuesday, February 2nd, 2010

tretament of stem cell therapyTreatment phase of stem cell therapy are:
1. Extraction
2. Isolation, analysis and concentration of stem cells in the laboratory
3. Implantation of stem cells
4. Aftercare

Extraction of bone marrow
One of the doctors removed bone marrow from the patient’s hip. This procedure takes approximately 30 minutes in total and first provided anesthesia to the puncture site and then removed with a fine needle approx. 150-200 ml of bone marrow. The injection of anesthesia can be a bit painful, extraction of bone marrow change is barely felt. Following this intervention will determine the date for implantation of bone marrow and soon the patient can go home.

Another method for the extraction of stem cells is the mobilization of stem cells from bone marrow with the help of growth factors. they are first injected into the patient, making the stem cells come from bone marrow into the blood. Then stem cells can be isolated from the blood. This method is used less frequently in XCell-Center, but in some cases may constitute an alternative to bone marrow puncture.
Isolation, analysis and concentration of stem cells in the laboratory

In the lab examines the bone marrow collected in sterile tubes in quality and quantity of stem cells it contains. This was first isolated stem cells apart, using a chromatographic procedure, the red and white blood cells and plasma. The sample is processed under sterile conditions so that the stem cells provided to the patient may become contaminated with viruses, bacteria or fungi. (more…)

Incoming search terms for the article:

problem with stem cell therapy in DM/What are the problems with stem cell therapy for DM?/
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Main Goal of Diabetes Treatment

Monday, February 1st, 2010

The main goal of diabetes treatment is to maintain the values of blood sugar within normal values as much as possible. Although it is difficult to maintain completely normal values, try to be as near normal as possible to be less likelihood of complications, either temporary or long term. The main problem in trying to tightly control the values of blood sugar, is that there is a decrease unwanted thereof (hypoglycemia).

Treatment of diabetes requires control of weight, exercise and diet. In many cases of type II diabetes, administration of drugs would not be necessary if obese patients lose weight and make orderly pursuit. However, reducing weight and increasing exercise is difficult for most diabetics. Therefore, it is often necessary to resort to either replacement therapy or oral hypoglycemic medication. Exercise promotes the direct descent of the concentrations of blood sugar and reduces the amount of insulin.

The diet is very important. In general, diabetics should not eat too many sugary foods and regular meals would have a uniform program. However, eating a snack before bedtime or during the afternoon sometimes prevents hypoglycemia in people who inject intermediate-acting insulin in the morning or afternoon. Since people with diabetes also have tendency to have high cholesterol values, dietitians generally recommend limiting intake of saturated fat. However, the best way to reduce cholesterol values is to control blood sugar levels and body weight.

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Diabetes Complications (Part 2)

Saturday, January 30th, 2010

Diabetes ComplicationsAs the condition develops, high levels of sugar in the blood damage blood vessels, nerves and other internal structures. Complex substances derived from sugar build up in the walls of small blood vessels, causing thickening and breakage. This thickening causes blood vessels to provide less and less blood, especially skin and nerves. The poorly controlled sugar values also tend to increase concentrations of blood fats, and therefore, there is an accelerated atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in blood vessels). Atherosclerosis is two to six times more common in diabetics than in non-diabetics and occurs in both males and females. Decreased blood flow, both large vessels as small, may cause physiological changes in the heart, brain, legs, eyes, kidneys, nerves and skin, delaying further the healing injuries.

For all these reasons, diabetes involves the emergence of many serious complications for a long time. Heart attacks and strokes are very common. Damage to blood vessels in the eye can cause loss of vision (diabetic retinopathy). The function of the kidneys is impaired and results in kidney failure requiring dialysis. Nerve injuries are manifested in several ways. If a single nerve malfunctions (mononeuropathy), there is a characteristic weakness in an arm or leg. If damaged nerves of the hands, legs and feet (diabetic neuropathy), may appear abnormal sensation as tingling or burning pain, and weakness in the arms and legs. Damage to the nerves in the skin predispose to repeated injuries, because the person loses sensitivity to sense changes in pressure or temperature. A limited supply of blood to the skin also causes ulcers and influences that all wounds heal very slowly. Foot ulcers can become so deep and infected and be so difficult to cure, which may also be required amputation of part of the leg.

There are recent signs that show that diabetes complications can be prevented, delayed or delay, by controlling the values of blood sugar. There are other unknown factors, including genetic, that determine the course of events.

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Diabetes Symptoms

Friday, January 29th, 2010

Diabetes SymptomsThe first symptoms of diabetes are related to the direct effects of high blood sugar levels. When this value increases over the 160 to 180 mg / dl, glucose passes into the urine. When the value is even higher, the kidneys secrete an extra amount of water to dilute the lost large amounts of glucose. Since producing excessive urination, eliminating large volumes of urine (polyuria) and, therefore, appears abnormal sensation of thirst (polydipsia). Also, due to too many calories are lost in urine, a loss of weight and, as compensation, the person often feels exaggerated hunger (polyphagia). Other symptoms include blurred vision, drowsiness, nausea and decreased endurance during exercise. In addition, if diabetes is poorly controlled, patients are more vulnerable to infections. Due to the severity of insulin deficiency, is common in cases of type I diabetes lose weight before treatment. However, not so in type II diabetes.

In type I diabetics symptoms usually begin suddenly and can progress rapidly to a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis. Despite the high levels of blood sugar, most cells can not use sugar without insulin and therefore turn to other energy sources. Fat cells begin to decompose and produce ketone bodies, a toxic chemical that can cause blood acidity (ketoacidosis). Initial symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include excessive thirst and urination, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, exhaustion and, especially in children, abdominal pain. Breathing becomes deeper and faster because the body tries to correct the acidity of the blood. The person’s breath smells like nail polish remover. If not applied any treatment, diabetic ketoacidosis can progress and lead to coma, sometimes within hours.

Patients with type I diabetes may show the symptoms of ketoacidosis, even after starting treatment with insulin, if they miss a shot or if they suffer an infection, an accident or serious illness. Type II diabetes may not cause any symptoms for years or decades. When the insulin deficiency progresses, symptoms begin to appear. At first, increased urination and thirst are moderated, but gradually worsen over time. Ketoacidosis is a rare condition. If the concentration of blood sugar is very high (greater than 1000 mg / dl), usually by stress caused by infection or a drug, severe dehydration occurs, mental confusion, drowsiness, convulsions and a condition called hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma nonketotic.

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Diabetes Complications (Part 1)

Thursday, January 28th, 2010

What are the complications of diabetes?
Complications of diabetes are health problems caused by diabetes. Diabetes causes your blood sugar level in blood is higher than normal. Over time, high sugar levels can damage blood vessels and nerves. This damage can cause problems in many areas of your body. This booklet explains the complications that are common in diabetes and how to prevent them.

Complications of circulation:
Of the great vessels may result from disturbances in the legs to gangrene and heart attacks. For further help maintain good blood glucose checks, not smoke, make a diet low in animal fat and a good control of blood pressure.
Of small vessel abnormalities may occur at the hearing or in the kidney. It is therefore recommended checkups in the eye (the eye) and kidney study by examining the urine (microalbuminuria) and blood (creatinine) annually.

Complications in the Nervous System:
This can cause impotence in men, numbness and tingling in the feet and lower legs, sciatic type pain, problems in the functioning of the bladder and intestine.

Back Nerve damage
The nerve damage, also known as diabetic neuropathy makes it hard for the nerves to send messages to the brain and other body parts. If you have nerve damage, you may lose feeling in parts of your body or have a tingling sensation that is painful.

Neuropathy most often affects the feet and legs. If you have neuropathy you may not feel that you have a foot ulcer. The sore can become infected, and in severe cases, the foot may have to be an amputee, is cut. People with diabetic neuropathy may continue walking on one foot, joints or bones that have been injured. This can cause a condition called Charcot foot that causes the injured foot to become deformed. However, this problem can be avoided.

Having type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing many serious complications. Some complications of type 2 diabetes include: heart disease (cardiovascular disease), blindness (retinopathy), nerve damage (neuropathy) and kidney damage (nephropathy). Read more about these complications and how to handle them.

If you have diabetes, check your feet every day. If you see swelling and redness and warmth in your foot feels, go see your doctor immediately. These may be signs of Charcot foot. In addition, your doctor should check your feet at least once a year.

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Factors of Diabetes Mellitus

Wednesday, January 27th, 2010

What are its causes?
The most common cause of Diabetes Mellitus is insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas. Lack of insulin causes hyperglycemia and glucosuria. Insulin is a hormone produced by special cells called beta cells in the pancreas, an organ in the area behind the stomach. Insulin is needed to move blood sugar (glucose) into cells where it is stored and used later for energy. In type 1 diabetes, these cells produce little or no insulin. Glucose is a sugar that comes from the food we eat, circulates in the blood and is used by the body to provide the energy needed to develop any type of work.

There are several forms of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes used to be called juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent. This type of diabetes can occur at any age but is most often diagnosed in children, adolescents or young adults. When no insulin in young diabetics (Type 1) or not working properly, as in adults (type 2), sugar is no more blood to the organs and the performance is poor. At the time, sugar accumulates in the blood in quantities greater than normal, appearing hyperglycemia.

When blood glucose exceeds 180 mg, the body can not hold it, so that eliminated in urine: Glycosuria. In one patient poorly controlled or untreated hyperglycemia and glycosuria appears. Without enough insulin, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream instead of entering cells and the body is unable to use it for energy. This leads to symptoms of type 1 diabetes. After 5 to 10 years, beta cells produce insulin in the pancreas are completely destroyed and the body can not produce this hormone.

The exact cause is unknown, but chances are there is a viral or environmental trigger in genetically susceptible individuals causes an immune reaction. The body’s white blood cells mistakenly attack the pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin.

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Models Diet of Diabetes People

Tuesday, January 26th, 2010

Models Diet
The recommendations of the meal plan can be given in the form of menus or through food exchange tables, a more complex system initially but that provides greater long term flexibility. These systems are combined, can provide food exchange lists a set menu. The type of eating plan is very dependent on individual characteristics, is essential to make an adaptation usual lifestyle. It must take into account the presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, renal or liver or other processes for making the necessary changes in the meal plan.

Once calculated the necessary caloric needs, we provide a 55-60% in the form of Carbohydrates. In the diets by trade, an exchange of HC is equivalent to 10 g of HC. Each exchange of HC is an amount of food that, among other nutrients, contains 10 grams of Carbohydrates. For example in a 2000 kcal diet should be 60% HC (1200 kcal). As each gram of HC gives 4 kcal, 300 g of HC is what we need to generate 1200 kcal. 300g 10 g of HC per exchange, involving 30 exchanges of HC to be distributed throughout the day as directed by the specialist and the type of insulin treatment.

What are these calories should be provided?
General recommendations on the composition of the diet of a person with diabetes does not differ from what is considered a healthy diet for the general population. Usually considered to be provided the necessary calories to 55-60% at the expense of carbohydrates, 12-15% at the expense of protein and 25% from fat.

At Carbohydrate (HC) are also called sugars or carbohydrates. Each gram of HC provides 4 calories. Impose the greatest and most immediate source of energy (our brain needs daily approximately 120 g of glucose to function properly). They are usually divided into simple sugars (rapidly absorbed, refined) and complex (slow absorption or taste not sweet). The early rise in blood glucose more quickly and usually in greater magnitude. Both, if accompanied by the intake of fiber and fat are absorbed more slowly.

The structural proteins serve to build our body and help repair damaged tissues. They are mostly found in meat and fish, as well as legumes and cereals. Should eat animal protein and vegetable, although those of animal origin have higher biological value. Each gram of protein provides 4 calories.

Fats also serve to provide energy while one gram of fat provides 9 calories. It is preferable to consume plant fats that animal.

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Nutrition and Diabetes

Monday, January 25th, 2010

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Objectives of the diet in the person with diabetes
The meal plan for people with diabetes should help improve metabolic control (glucose, fats, cholesterol, uric acid ,…) thereby reducing long term complications. You should always be individualized and it is important to be a realistic eating plan for accession to be higher. In cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents is essential to manage the calories needed to ensure proper growth and development, integrate insulin administered with food habits and exercise routine.

When diabetes is being treated with oral agents or insulin, it is important to properly distribute the carbohydrates throughout the day to avoid both hypo-and hyperglycemia. In all cases it is important that the diet helps to maintain normal weight or overweight correct if there is to decrease the insulin resistance associated with obesity significantly worse glycemic control.

What is the glycemic index?
When you eat a food with carbohydrates is an increase of blood glucose levels. The rate of absorption depends on the type of nutrients it contains, the amount of fiber that presents and composition of other foods in the diet. That is, if two foods have the same amount of carbohydrates can raise blood glucose differently. Therefore they would differ in their glycemic index. For example, the glycemic index of honey is 126, the white bread is 100 and the block is 53. The latest studies seem to give more importance to the total amount of carbohydrate in the diet that the glycemic index of these.

How many calories you need a person with diabetes?
In general the same as a normal person. If the weight is within normal (body mass index: 19-25 kg/m2) there are no special calorie recommendations. It must calculate the amount of calories needed according to weight, age, sex and physical activity.

When there is excess weight (body mass index> 25 kg/m2) is necessary to reduce the number of kilocalories per day (250-500) and start the practice of regular aerobic exercise to promote a negative caloric balance in order to reduce the insulin resistance and improve metabolic control.

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