The big challenge was that, until recently, scientific evidence showed that the only way of administering insulin was skin, however, found that it can be absorbed by the blood without needles or syringes, using a inhaler similar to that used in treating asthma. With the approval of this drug makes a pattern in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Note that you can not replace all types of insulin, it will only be used in place of the so-called regular insulin, which is that rapidly absorbed by the bloodstream, with peak action almost immediately. Do not replace basal insulin or long-term, so that some people with type 1 diabetes need to inject further, depending on the opinion of the physician.

This new insulin delivery system is one of the most important advances for treating diabetes, which help people with type 1 diabetes require daily insulin injections are many quick to maintain optimum control of their glucose levels, but it also be an excellent alternative in the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes which tells insulin treatment but refuse to use it for fear of injections.

As a result of Insulinfehlsteuerung it comes to increased sugar levels in the blood and simultaneous glucose deficiency in the body cells. Because glucose is still normal recorded from the intestine into the bloodstream, occur especially after carbohydrate meals very high blood sugar.

With rising blood sugar is in the range from 160 to 180 mg / dl (milligrams per deciliter – unit of measurement for blood sugar), the renal threshold for glucose is exceeded, the body ceases to glucose in the urine. This renal threshold, the individual differences between 160 to 180 mg is / dL, with type I diabetes decreased, be elevated in type II diabetics. The higher the blood glucose the more glucose will be excreted through the kidneys in the urine.

Blood sugar binds to the water, so it comes out of the sugar excretion also increased urine production (polyuria). The organism tries this with the help of increased thirst with excessive fluid intake (polydipsia offset). In addition, the glucose deficiency results in the body cells to fatigue, reduced performance and fatigue. Moreover, many diabetics complain about lack of concentration or listlessness.

A further complication is the increased susceptibility to infection (urinary tract infections, inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes).

Unfortunately, diabetes is among the fastest growing diseases. According to estimates by the World Health Organization will increase the number of diabetics in 2030 by around 40 percent. A diabetic foot can, after many years, undetected disease, forefoot deformities result from simple to extensive necrosis and infection. Diabetes symptoms are often difficult to spot. There are special diabetic shoes and diabetic inserts that can be taken preventively, as soon as the slightest suspicion stops.

Diabetics need to pay particular attention to the integrity of their feet, for fast already may have slight injuries lead to devastating damage.
So that the foot is unbelastbar.

Diabetes mellitus, commonly – Symptoms

Typical signs
The following symptoms may occur both in type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes:

• Frequent urination (polyuria) and nocturnal urination (nocturia)
• Increased thirst (polydipsia)
• Poor appetite and weight loss
• Fatigue, tiredness and weakness
• Food cravings, especially at the beginning of the disease
• General susceptibility to infection (especially urinary tract infections and infections of the skin)
• Itching
• Headache, dizziness
• Nausea, vomiting
• Visual disturbances
• Muscle cramps
• Loss of consciousness

• Type 2 diabetes

The symptoms of type 2 diabetes usually develop over a much longer period (several years) than in patients with type 1 diabetes. For a long time there are no or only minor symptoms such as increased thirst, malaise, increased susceptibility to infection, itching, fatigue and dizziness. Therefore, the type 2 diabetes often remains undetected for long. Sometimes only have secondary illnesses point to the metabolic disorder.
This can cause the following symptoms:

• Poorly healing wounds, especially on the legs or feet
• Deterioration of vision (retinopathy)
• Nerve damage with tingling and numbness in the legs (polyneuropathy)
• Heart attack

Peripheral neuropathy
It affects the nervous system influenced by the will, such as the nerves for the sense of touch (sensitive) or the muscle movement are (motorized) responsible.
In total, show impairment of sensory nerve fibers, the information from the periphery to the spinal cord and brain derived earlier and more pronounced. The motor nerves that are responsible for the movement of the muscles, but may also be affected. Muscle cramps are common, massive paralysis rather scarce.
The symptoms appear first on the feet and legs, and later sometimes also on the hands and arms. Stakeholders complain of burning and stinging pain, which mainly occur at rest or at night as well as tingling and numbness. They report first, that the blanket lay suddenly unbearably hot and heavy on his feet.

The regulation of glucose in the body is complex and varies according to blood glucose:

• The secretion of insulin.
• Food that provides glucose, mostly from carbohydrates, to replenish energy reserves.
• Physical activity that is going to consume sugar in muscle and mobilize reserves.

Without insulin, blood glucose rises: is hyperglycemia. The excess glucose will be partially eliminated in the urine, resulting in an increased need to urinate and increased thirst. If these signs are ignored several days, hyperglycemia can become very dangerous. In the very long term, hyperglycemia can have serious health consequences. The low rate of glucose or ‘hypo’ is the consequence of excess insulin, most often due to a processing error in children with diabetes. Hypoglycemia may also be the consequence of consumption of glucose more than expected for example in case of unexpected prolonged physical effort. It can occur suddenly with symptoms reflecting the reaction of the nervous system at the lack of glucose as paleness, sweating and trembling, but also behavioral problems, aggression or apathy, or even loss of consciousness, which reflect the lack of glucose level brain. Severe hypoglycemia is exceptional in school.

In type I diabetics symptoms usually begin suddenly and can progress rapidly to a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis. Despite the high levels of blood sugar, most cells can not use sugar without insulin and therefore turn to other energy sources. Fat cells begin to decompose and produce ketone bodies, a toxic chemical that can cause blood acidity (ketoacidosis). Initial symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include excessive thirst and urination, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, exhaustion and, especially in children, abdominal pain. Breathing becomes deeper and faster because the body tries to correct the acidity of the blood. The person’s breath smells like nail polish remover. If not applied any treatment, diabetic ketoacidosis can progress and lead to coma, sometimes within hours.

Patients with type I diabetes may show the symptoms of ketoacidosis, even after starting treatment with insulin, if they miss a shot or if they suffer an infection, an accident or serious illness. Type II diabetes may not cause any symptoms for years or decades. When the insulin deficiency progresses, symptoms begin to appear. At first, increased urination and thirst are moderated, but gradually worsen over time. Ketoacidosis is a rare condition. If the concentration of blood sugar is very high (greater than 1000 mg / dl), usually by stress caused by infection or a drug, severe dehydration occurs, mental confusion, drowsiness, convulsions and a condition called hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma nonketotic.