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Objectives of the diet in the person with diabetes
The meal plan for people with diabetes should help improve metabolic control (glucose, fats, cholesterol, uric acid ,…) thereby reducing long term complications. You should always be individualized and it is important to be a realistic eating plan for accession to be higher. In cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents is essential to manage the calories needed to ensure proper growth and development, integrate insulin administered with food habits and exercise routine.
When diabetes is being treated with oral agents or insulin, it is important to properly distribute the carbohydrates throughout the day to avoid both hypo-and hyperglycemia. In all cases it is important that the diet helps to maintain normal weight or overweight correct if there is to decrease the insulin resistance associated with obesity significantly worse glycemic control.
What is the glycemic index?
When you eat a food with carbohydrates is an increase of blood glucose levels. The rate of absorption depends on the type of nutrients it contains, the amount of fiber that presents and composition of other foods in the diet. That is, if two foods have the same amount of carbohydrates can raise blood glucose differently. Therefore they would differ in their glycemic index. For example, the glycemic index of honey is 126, the white bread is 100 and the block is 53. The latest studies seem to give more importance to the total amount of carbohydrate in the diet that the glycemic index of these.
How many calories you need a person with diabetes?
In general the same as a normal person. If the weight is within normal (body mass index: 19-25 kg/m2) there are no special calorie recommendations. It must calculate the amount of calories needed according to weight, age, sex and physical activity.
When there is excess weight (body mass index> 25 kg/m2) is necessary to reduce the number of kilocalories per day (250-500) and start the practice of regular aerobic exercise to promote a negative caloric balance in order to reduce the insulin resistance and improve metabolic control.